![]() ![]() Little is available in the literature beyond a New York Times article from 1965 that brought the experiment to international attention ( Osmundsen, 1965). When the photograph is shown in a classroom, hands immediately pop up in a “wait, what?” moment, but we cannot give more information. Delgado in this article are reproduced courtesy of the Delgado estate (see acknowledgements). ![]() Delgado the scientist radio electrically stimulating the brain of the bull “Lucero” and stopping the animal in mid-charge. Delgado did on a ranch in Andalucía over 50 years ago. ![]() Delgado’s written work on the bull experiments can provide a resource to educators and students who desire to learn more about and interpret the attention-calling experiments that Dr. Delgado’s motivations, methods, and his interpretation of the bull experiments are summarized, as well as some accompanying information from his 1970 English language book: “Physical Control of the Mind.” This review of Dr. Delgado appears to give the most complete explanation of his experiments on microstimulation of bovine brains. Delgado in 1981 for an encyclopedia on bull fighting published in Madrid. Here I translate and discuss a Spanish language article written by Dr. Technical documentation on these experiments is famously difficult to find. Jose Delgado’s 1960s famous experiments on the neural correlates of aggression in which he stopped bulls in mid-charge by electrically stimulating basal ganglia and thalamic structures. These four topics come together quite dramatically in Dr. Neuroscience systems level courses teach: 1) the role of neuroanatomical structures of the brain for perception, movement, and cognition 2) methods to manipulate and study the brain including lesions, electrophysiological recordings, microstimulation, optogenetics, and pharmacology 3) proper interpretation of behavioral data to deduce brain circuit operation and 4) the similarities, differences, and ethics of animal models and their relation to human physiology. ![]()
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